Citation

Hadzmi, Noor Mohd Helmi Nong and Chew, Kok Wai (2026) HR Practices of Malaysia’s ICT Companies for Employee Retention in the 4th Industrial Revolution. Technology and Entrepreneurship: Systems Driving Innovation, 612. pp. 945-956. ISSN 2198-4182

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Abstract

Based on the Malaysia Digital Economic Corporation Digital Talent Survey 2021, 34% of Malaysia’s ICT companies experience turnover rates exceeding the global average, with 40% struggling to retain talent. This study investigates human resource practices for employee retention in Malaysia’s ICT companies during the 4IR, using Social Exchange Theory as a framework. Data from 247 employees, analysed via SPSS, revealed that training and development, compensation, and employee engagement positively impact retention. However, flexible work arrangements had no significant impact, and the relationships between HR practices and employee retention were not moderated by the work environment. Implications and recommendations are provided.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD4801-8943 Labor. Work. Working class > HD5650-5660 Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Divisions:	Faculty of Management (FOM)
Depositing User:	Ms Suzilawati Abu Samah
Date Deposited:	10 Feb 2026 06:24
Last Modified:	10 Feb 2026 06:24
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15306

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