Citation

Zhang, Keyong and Mohd Rom, Noor Ashikin and Hassan, Hasliza Family Vs Institutional Management Of Small And Micro Enterprises Interact With Trade Law, Investment Policy, WTO Commitments And Education. Genetics and Molecular Research. ISSN 16765680

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Abstract

Small and micro enterprises are key to economic development, the creation of employment, and alleviation of poverty. Their management systems, whether within a family or governed institutionally, play a very big role in their flexibility and performance in the international trading systems. Although there has been increasing interest in the subject as there is lack of research on the interaction of various forms of management with the trade law, investment policy, and the World Trade Organization commitments. The key aim of the given study is to explore how management structure of small and micro enterprises is associated with their responsiveness to international economic regulations. The paper also seeks to find out the impacts of such interactions on compliance, growth potential, and access to the global markets. A literature review in a systematic format was carried out, which included peer-reviewed academic sources, policy reports, and legal frameworks between 2015-2025. The review determined that there were major differences in the interpretation and response of legal and policy environment by the family-managed and the institutionally-managed enterprises. The results indicate that institutional management is usually involved in enhancing more consistency with the trade and investment norms, and family-based firms are more difficult to comply with the regulations. The findings can be relevant to the policymakers who should take into consideration the differentiated support systems to facilitate legal preparedness and international integration of the different types of enterprises.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Economic development
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HB Economic theory. Demography > HB75-130 History of economics. History of economic theory
Divisions:	Faculty of Management (FOM)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	03 Jul 2026 06:42
Last Modified:	03 Jul 2026 06:42
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16206

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