Citation

Kim, Son Lim and Ooi, Shih Yin and Sayeed, Md. Shohel and Chew, Yee Jian and Ahmad, Nazrul Muhaimin (2025) Securing the Internet of Things: Systematic Insights into Architectures, Threats, and Defenses. Electronics (Switzerland), 14 (20). p. 3972. ISSN 2079-9292

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Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology with significant potential across various applications. IoT enables everyday devices to become smarter, processes to become more intelligent, and communication to be more informative. As the fastest-growing field in Information Technology, IoT integrates objects into a virtual infrastructure that keeps us informed about their states. IoT devices include IT appliances such as PCs, mobile phones, laptops, smartwatches, and other wearable devices, which communicate through sensor-based embedded systems that transmit data. However, as the number of connected devices increases, so do the risks of connectivity and security breaches. These systems are often used in machine-to-machine communication, sharing vast amounts of data, which heightens the risk of intrusions. This survey systematically reviewed and analyzed 82 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024, covering IoT security architecture, threats, and defense mechanisms. The review identifies key trends, common challenges, and security threats specific to IoT-based architecture across different domains. Additionally, it proposes solutions to enhance IoT security. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state of IoT security and offer insights into future research and the practical implementation of protective measures.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Internet of Things (IoT), IoT architect, IoT security threats, cloud, machine learning (ML)
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA71-90 Instruments and machines > QA75.5-76.95 Electronic computers. Computer science > QA76.75-76.765 Computer software
Divisions:	Faculty of Information Science and Technology (FIST)
Depositing User:	Nurin Syazwani Azmi
Date Deposited:	10 Dec 2025 08:21
Last Modified:	13 Dec 2025 11:56
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15051

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