Citation

Baihaqi, Ahmad Fajar and Rachmaningrum, Nilla and Adiputra, Dimas and Sim, Kok Swee (2026) Implementation of Infrared and Ultrasonic Sensors to Improve the Accuracy of Parking Space Availability Detection at IoT-Based Rest Areas. In: 2026 IEEE 6th International Conference in Power Engineering Applications (ICPEA), 03-04 May 2026, Langkawi, Malaysia.

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Abstract

This research developed an Internet of Thingsbased parking space availability detection system using infrared and ultrasonic sensors controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller. The system is designed to help drivers quickly find available parking spaces and to help managers monitor parking conditions in real time through Firebase. Testing was conducted on one parking slot with ten different scenarios representing vehicle and non-vehicle conditions at various distances. The test results showed that the infrared sensor had an accuracy and precision of 50 percent and was only effective at medium distances. The ultrasonic sensor performed better with an accuracy of 60 percent and a precision of 57 percent and was able to detect objects up to a distance of 200 cm. Combining both sensors using OR logic improved the reliability of the system compared to infrared sensors alone, but did not provide a significant improvement compared to a single ultrasonic sensor. The results of this study indicate that ultrasonic sensors are more suitable for use in parking detection systems, while system performance can still be improved through optimization of logic and sensor placement.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	IoT
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA71-90 Instruments and machines > QA75.5-76.95 Electronic computers. Computer science
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	01 Jul 2026 00:53
Last Modified:	01 Jul 2026 01:12
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16165

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