Citation

Al-Mulali, Usama (2015) Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Vietnam. Energy Policy, 76. pp. 123-131. ISSN 0301-4215

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Abstract

This study investigates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Vietnam during the period 1981–2011. To realize the goals of this study, a pollution model was established applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The results revealed that the pollution haven hypothesis does exist in Vietnam because capital increases pollution. In addition, imports also increase pollution which indicates that most of Vietnam's imported products are energy intensive and highly polluted. However, exports have no effect on pollution which indicates that the level of exports is not significant enough to affect pollution. Moreover, fossil fuel energy consumption increases pollution while renewable energy consumption has no significant effect in reducing pollution. Furthermore, labor force reduces pollution since most of Vietnam's labor force is in the agricultural and services sectors which are less energy intensive than the industrial sector. Based on the obtained results, the EKC hypothesis does not exist because the relationship between GDP and pollution is positive in both the short and long run.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions H Social Sciences > HF Commerce
Divisions:	Faculty of Business (FOB)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	18 Dec 2014 06:50
Last Modified:	13 Jan 2015 09:31
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/5858

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