Citation

Norddin, Nurbahirah and Shafie, Suhaidi and Idris, Muhammad Idzdihar and Liu, Xinzhi and Lawal, Ismail and Hamidon, Mohd Nizar (2026) Utilisation of Response Surface Methodology to Optimise Bandgap and Resistance of Nickel Oxide using The Sol-gel Method. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics, 8 (2). p. 32. ISSN 2682-8383

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Abstract

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising hole transport layer for inverted perovskite solar cells, but its bandgap and resistance are highly sensitive to synthesis conditions. This study applies Response Surface Methodology to optimize precursor molarity, solution pH, and annealing temperature for NiO thin films prepared via the sol–gel method. The optimal condition 0.125 M, pH 10,and 450 °C yielded a bandgap of 3.6 eV and low electrical resistance, suitable for efficient hole transport. These results demonstrate that annealing temperature and pH significantly influence NiO properties, enabling reproducible fabrication of high-performance films.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Perovskite
Subjects:	Q Science > QE Geology
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	12 Oct 2026 01:47
Last Modified:	12 Oct 2026 01:47
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16890

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