Citation

Aldaeri, Abdulrahman Sufyan Taha Mohammed and Chan, Yee Kit and Ball, James G.C. and Abdul Rahman, Mohamad Razmil Bin (2026) Beyond crown delineation: Assessing structural fidelity of UAV-derived D30 allometry across contrasting durian orchard sites. Smart Agricultural Technology, 14. p. 102415. ISSN 27723755

Text Beyond crown delineation_ Assessing structural fidelity of UAV-derived D30 allometry across contrasting durian orchard sites.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (14MB)

Abstract

Automated tree-level inventories are essential for precision orchard management, yet unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)–deep learning frameworks often evaluate cross-site performance only at crown mapping. This study introduces the Durian-specific Pipeline for Uncertainty-Led Structural Examination (D-PULSE), which integrates Mask R-CNN crown delineation, crown-geometry extraction, digital surface model apex–ground height estimation, and field-calibrated D30 allometry, where D30 is trunk diameter measured 30 cm above ground. D-PULSE also evaluates cross-site D2–D3 model divergence and height-error sensitivity. Testing across orchards in Melaka, Johor, and Pahang showed strongly site-dependent crown delineation. Pahang achieved F1-scores of 98.30% at intersection over union (IoU) ≥ 0.50 and 96.32% at IoU ≥ 0.75. Melaka and Johor achieved 77.54% and 76.03%, respectively, at IoU ≥ 0.50, and 47.08% and 52.56% at IoU ≥ 0.75, mainly because of small-crown omission. The apex–ground height method achieved R² = 0.586 and RMSE = 0.90 m. Among eight D30 equations, the crown area–height interaction model performed best, achieving R² = 0.896 and RMSE = 1.22 cm under nonlinear least squares and R² = 0.891 and RMSE = 1.25 cm under Bayesian calibration. Mean absolute percentage divergence (MAPD) between the crown-area-only D2 model and height-integrated D3 model was 9.62% in Melaka, with a 5000-iteration bootstrap interval of 8.79%–10.50%. Johor’s deterministic divergence fell within this interval but increased under height-error sensitivity analysis, whereas Pahang remained above it. Crown-mapping performance and downstream allometric model behaviour therefore varied independently, supporting D-PULSE as a diagnostic framework for prioritizing local field validation.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Durio zibethinus, UAV remote sensing
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	03 Sep 2026 02:08
Last Modified:	03 Sep 2026 02:08
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16574

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