Citation

Wang, Weiqi and Ching, Gwo Chin and Tan, Soo Fun (2026) A Lightweight Double-Ring Hybrid Sparse NTRU (DRH-SNTRU) Scheme for Secure and Real-Time Communication in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Computers, 15 (5). p. 328. ISSN 2073-431X

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Abstract

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is rapidly emerging as a core component of intelligent transportation systems, enabling real-time communication among vehicles, infrastructure, and cloud platforms. However, the increasing interconnectivity of vehicular systems and the advancement of quantum computing introduce significant security challenges to existing cryptographic mechanisms. Conventional schemes such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are vulnerable to quantum attacks and are computationally inefficient for resource-constrained vehicular environments. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Double-Ring Hybrid Sparse NTRU (DRH-SNTRU) framework, a lightweight and quantum-resistant cryptographic scheme for secure IoV communication. The proposed framework introduces three key enhancements: (i) controlled-support sparse polynomial structures to reduce polynomial multiplication complexity while improving entropy distribution; (ii) a double-ring algebraic architecture that separates key operations from message processing to enhance structural security and minimize coefficient leakage; and (iii) hybrid ephemeral keys derived from contextual entropy to strengthen forward secrecy and adaptive security. An optional ciphertext evaluation mechanism is further incorporated to detect malformed and replayed ciphertexts prior to decryption. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves IND-CPA security under the hardness assumption of the NTRU lattice problem and can be extended to resist chosen-ciphertext attacks through the integrated validation mechanism. Experimental benchmarking across polynomial dimensions N = 512 to 8192 demonstrates that DRH-SNTRU achieves low setup overhead below 3 µs, efficient decryption latency of approximately 305.64 µs at N = 8192, and compact sparse private key representation of only 117 bytes at higher dimensions. Compared with Standard NTRUEncrypt, NTRU-HRSS, and Ring-LWE Encryption, the proposed framework demonstrates improved decryption efficiency, lightweight storage overhead, and enhanced ciphertext integrity protection while mai

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Internet of Vehicles (IoV), secure vehicular communication
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	05 Jun 2026 02:32
Last Modified:	05 Jun 2026 02:32
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15982

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