Citation

Humayun, Saad and Teh, Chin Hui and Foo, Yee Loo and Kung, Fabian Wai Lee and Chung, Boon Kuan (2025) Comparison of Three Variants of Tessellated Icosahedron Ray-Spawning Algorithms for Shooting-and-Bouncing-Ray Propagation Modeling. In: 2025 Multimedia University Engineering Conference, MECON 2025, 21 July 2025 - 23 July 2025, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.

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Abstract

This paper evaluates the angular uniformity and double-counting probabilities of three ray spawning algorithms based on tessellated icosahedra: planar, spherical, and equiangular tessellations. Angular separations between neighboring rays were computed, and the minimum, maximum, and average separation angles, along with maximum-tominimum separation ratios, were analyzed for average separation angles of �°, . �°, and . ��°. Results indicate that the spherical tessellation offers the most uniform angular distribution, exhibiting the smallest maximum-to-minimum separation ratio. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to estimate the probability of double-counting, using a reception sphere radius proportional to the largest separation angle. Surprisingly, the equiangular tessellation demonstrated the lowest probability of double-counting, while the spherical tessellation showed the highest. These findings suggest that angular uniformity, as measured by separation ratios, does not directly correlate with the likelihood of double-counting.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ray spawning, ray launching, propagation modeling
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	18 Mar 2026 04:25
Last Modified:	18 Mar 2026 04:25
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15531

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