Citation

Hamza, Musa N. and Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad and Islam, Mohammad Tariqul and Lavadiya, Sunil and ud Din, Iftikhar and Sanches, Bruno and Koziel, Slawomir and Naqvi, Syeda Iffat and Ouameur, Messaoud Ahmed and Panda, Abinash and Farmani, Ali and Virdee, Bal and Mezache, Zinelabiddine and Islam, Md. Shabiul (2026) High-sensitivity nanometamaterial near-infrared biosensor for label-free early cancer detection via exosomal biomarkers. Applied Optics, 65 (1). p. 39. ISSN 1559-128X

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Abstract

This study presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, ultra-wideband nanobiosensor based on a double-negative (DNG) metamaterial perfect absorber for early cancer detection through exosomal biomarker analysis. Our biosensor operates across a broad frequency range from 70 THz to 3 PHz, exhibiting near-unity absorption, i.e., exceeding 99%, and angular and polarization insensitivity, i.e., providing polarization-independent absorption across the full spectrum of polarization angles (0° to 90°), ensuring stable performance under both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized waves. Of particular interest is its performance in the near-infrared (NIR) region (70–400 THz), where the sensor’s DNG characteristics manifest through simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, enhancing field confinement and sensitivity. This spectral window is especially conducive to label-free, non-invasive detection of circulating exosomes, critical indicators of early stage oncogenesis. The sensor is constructed using a tri-layer metal–insulator–metal (MIM) architecture comprising nickel (Ni) layers and a silicon dioxide ( ) dielectric spacer. The design leverages the plasmonic and thermal stability properties of Ni and the low optical attenuation of to achieve optimal absorption and structural robustness. Electromagnetic simulations demonstrate strong electric and magnetic resonances, producing significant near-field enhancements. These improve the detection of subtle dielectric changes associated with exosomal binding events. The sensor maintains high absorption efficiency across oblique incidence angles and various polarization states, making it suitable for real-world biomedical diagnostic applications. By focusing on the NIR regime where tissue transparency and molecular vibrational modes intersect, the proposed biosensor enables the discrimination between cancer-derived exosomes and their normal counterparts, as confirmed through spectral and field distribution analyses. The demonstrated performance highlights the sensor’s promise for next-generation photonic platforms targeting early cancer diagnostics, with potential extension to environmental monitoring and energy harvesting technologies.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Suzilawati Abu Samah
Date Deposited:	10 Feb 2026 06:18
Last Modified:	10 Feb 2026 06:18
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15305

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