Citation

Jumadi, Juliana and Harun, Wan Sharuzi Wan and Kadirgama, Kumaran and Samylingam, Lingenthiran and Aslfattahi, Navid and Kok, Chee Kuang and Kiai, Maryam Sadat (2025) Green Energy Materials: Unlocking the Potential of Chitosan and Cellulose in Energy Storage. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 36. pp. 2074-2098. ISSN 1574-1443

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Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems has renewed interest in bio-based materials as alternatives to traditional synthetic polymers. This review highlights chitosan and cellulose, two abundant and renewable biopolymers derived from crustacean shells and plant biomass, respectively, which exhibit favourable physicochemical properties, such as biodegradability, mechanical robustness, ionic conductivity, and tunable structures. These characteristics make them attractive candidates for use in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the structure, origin, and physicochemical properties of chitosan and cellulose, followed we highlight recent advancement in their application in energy storage technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on their integration into batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage systems, highlighting technical developments such as the formation of nanocomposites with carbonaceous and metal oxide materials and their influence on key electrochemical parameters, including specific capacity, conductivity, and cycling stability. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist, including low intrinsic conductivity, complex processing requirements, and variability in raw material quality. Moreover, functionalization techniques such as carbonization or chemical doping, while improving performance, may compromise the biodegradability and sustainability of the biopolymers. Looking ahead, future research should focus on scalable and environmentally benign synthesis routes, integration with multifunctional additives, and the development of standardization protocols to ensure consistent material quality. Addressing these challenges will be key to unlocking the full potential of chitosan- and cellulose-based materials as sustainable and high-performance alternatives in energy storage technologies

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Chitosan
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2025 04:11
Last Modified:	05 May 2026 04:17
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/14566

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