Citation

Mansoor, Amilia (2023) Characterisation and analysis of optical amplifier utilising Thulium-Doped fibre and Bismuth-Doped fibre. PhD thesis, Multimedia University.

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Abstract

The advancements of cloud services and machine-to-machine communications have called for the significant expansion of the optical fibre network capacity. Addressing the crucial need for greater bandwidth, an optical amplifier that effectively functions in wavelengths beyond C- and L-bands is required. The broadband nearinfrared (NIR) emission properties of bismuth (Bi) and thulium (Tm), covering the O- , E-, S-, and new bands, demonstrate promising prospects as a dopant for the development of optical amplifier in these windows. Despite the growing interest of Bi and Tm doped fibres, there remains a need to fully comprehend their spectroscopic properties when produced in-house, along with the validation of related fabrication process parameters. This work focuses on investigating how the pumping wavelength influences the performance of Bi-doped fibre amplifier (BDFA) in the O-band, thereby validating the in-house fabricated Bi-doped fibre (BDF). Additionally, the study explores the influence of co-dopant type on Tm doping concentration and the performance of Tm-doped fibre amplifier (TDFA) at the 1800 nm wavelength. The study characterized the absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence lifetime and unsaturable loss of the in-house fabricated Bi-doped fibre (BDF). The BDF emission spectrum was found within the region of 1300–1400 nm, which suggested the influence of Bi-phosphorus, as well as Bi-silica in the fibre. At 1300 nm, the recorded fluorescence lifetime ranged between 800 µs and 850 µs. The operating BDFA within the region of 1300 nm recorded gain of 17 dB and input small-signal of -30 dBm at the wavelength of 1340 nm. This study also examined the influence of co-dopant on the concentration of Tm-doped silica fibre. Both Tm/Al-doped fibre and Tm/Al/Y were characterised and employed as the gain medium in an optical amplifier. The output performance of these two Tm-doped fibres were evaluated in this study. Based on the obtained results, this study proposed operating a compact Tm-doped fibre amplifier with the length of 20 cm at the wavelength of 1860 nm, which recorded gain of 24.6 dB and noise figure of 4.3.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD)
Additional Information:	Call No.: TK8306 .A45 2023
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Optical fibers
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics > TK8300-8360 Photoelectronic devices (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering (FOE)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2025 02:33
Last Modified:	30 Sep 2025 02:33
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/14539

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