Citation

Babale, Suleiman A. and Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal and Tan, Kim Geok and Paracha, Kashif Nisar and Butt, Arslan D. and Lawan, S. H. and Ali, Irfan (2022) PET-Based Instant Inkjet-Printed 4 × 4 Butler Matrix Beamforming Network. The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES), 37 (2). pp. 199-208. ISSN 1054-4887

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Abstract

In this paper, a novel planar Butler matrix (BM) utilizing only 3dB3⁢dBhybrid couplers and a crossover are implemented using a low-cost silver-nano inkjet printing technique. Unlike in the conventional design of BM where a phase shifter is required, this novel design does not need a phase shifter to be implemented. However, the use of delicate substrates like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the design makes it unique. This is not possible with the conventional thermal curing process, as PET substrate cannot be subjected to an excessively feverish temperature. The results obtained show good return loss and transmission coefficients better than 26.1026.10 and 23.54dB23.54⁢dB, respectively, at the center frequency. Similarly, an amplitude imbalance of less than 2.4dB2.4⁢dB with phase mismatch within ±0.25∘±0.25∘ is achieved at the center frequency. The BM has a −10dB-10⁢dB bandwidth of 24.79% with a beam pattern produced at +13∘+13∘,−40∘-40∘, +40∘+40∘, and −13∘-13∘ when ports 1-4 of the BM are energized.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Modified coupler, PET Substrate, Butler Matrix, Crossover
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	01 Nov 2022 03:07
Last Modified:	01 Nov 2022 03:07
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/10598

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