Citation

Tan, Ming Yue (2026) Investigation of the performances of multicolor V2o5-based electrochromic devices with energy storage functions. Masters thesis, Multimedia University.

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Abstract

Electrochromic (EC) technology has attracted significant attention for smart window applications due to its ability to regulate light transmission and reduce energy consumption associated with artificial lighting and air-conditioning systems. However, conventional EC devices face several limitations, including the display of only simple or monotonous colors during operation, the requirement for external energy input during switching processes, and the inability of complementary EC configurations to independently control redox reactions at both electrodes. These challenges restrict their functionality and practical applications. This thesis aims to address these limitations through the development of multicolor electrochromic energy storage devices based on vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and Zinc (Zn)-based electrolytes. Thin films were fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates using the sol-gel spincoating technique. The structural, optical, electrochemical, and electrochromic properties of the fabricated films, devices, and electrolytes were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Xray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA). The first part of this study focused on the optimization of V2O5 thin films for multicolor EC applications. Although V2O5 is recognized for its multicolor EC behavior and high ion-storage capability, studies on low-temperature annealing and thickness optimization of sol-gel-derived V2O5 films remain limited, particularly at the device level. Therefore, V2O5 thin films with different annealing temperatures and thicknesses were fabricated and integrated into EC devices to identify the optimum fabrication conditions for enhancing EC performance. The second part of the study investigated the integration of EC and energystorage functionalities through Zn-based electrochromic energy storage devices. While Zn-based systems offer advantages such as high theoretical capacity, their performance is often hindered by the large hydrated ion size and limited electrochemical stability of conventional electrolytes. To overcome these challenges, water-in-bisalt (WiBS) electrolytes containing different Zn2+/Al3+ compositions were developed and evaluated to improve both electrochromic and energy-storage performance. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, three-electrode electrochromic energy storage devices based on V2O5/Zn/V2O5 and V2O5/Zn/WO3 configurations were successfully fabricated using the optimized parameters obtained from previous studies. The introduction of a three-electrode architecture enabled independent control of redox reactions at both electrodes while simultaneously providing multicolor electrochromic functionality and energy-storage capability. The results demonstrated the feasibility for the development of next-generation smart windows, energy level indicators, and voltage-tunable multicolor electrochromic displays.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Additional Information:	Call No.: TK8360.E44 T36 2026
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Electrochromic devices
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics > TK8300-8360 Photoelectronic devices (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	05 Oct 2026 06:32
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2026 06:32
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16881

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