Citation

Rajammal, K. and Sivakumar, D. and Selamat, M. Z. and Nadlene, R. and Kok, C. K. (2026) PVA-Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of CuO-Coated LiMnPO4 Olivines. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 18 (2). ISSN 2600-7916

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Abstract

This study examines the influence of different weight percentages of CuO coating (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) on the structural properties of LiMnPO4 cathode materials synthesised by the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-assisted sol–gel method. PVA acted as a carbon source during synthesis, producing an in situ carbon layer that improves the conductivity of the composite. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a pure olivine LiMnPO? phase without impurity peaks, indicating that the CuO coating did not alter the main structure. SEM and EDAX analyses verified the uniform distribution of the CuO layer and the presence of carbon. The 2 wt.% CuO-coated sample showed the smallest crystallite size (33.8 nm) and the lowest strain value (1.28 × 10-3), compared to the pristine LiMnPO? (86.6 nm, 2.43 × 10-3). These results suggest that the optimised CuO coating helps control particle growth and enhances structural uniformity, which could contribute to better electrochemical stability in future applications.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	LiMnPO4, sol-gel method, cathode materials, electrochemical properties, lithium-ion batteries
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics > TK7871 Electronics--Materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Suzilawati Abu Samah
Date Deposited:	04 Sep 2026 03:44
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2026 03:44
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16704

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