Citation

Mashagba, Hamza A. and Abu Owida, Hamza and Abu Elsoud, Esraa and Vasudevan, Asokan and Ahmmad Hunitie, Mohammad Faleh and Abd Aziz, Azlan and Hizan, Hizamel M. and Mohammad, Suleiman Ibrahim (2026) AHME For THz Graphene-Based MIMO Antenna Optimization: Integrating Harris Hawks and Firefly Algorithm. Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences, 20 (4). pp. 949-958. ISSN 19350090

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Abstract

For terahertz (THz) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array optimization to support sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems, the goal is to simultaneously maximize conflicting objectives including gain, isolation, bandwidth, and efficiency while minimizing the envelope correlation coefficient. Single-objective methods struggle with the highly nonlinear, multimodal fitness landscapes generated by large-scale graphene-based antennas. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Hybrid Metaheuristic Ensemble (AHME) that integrates Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) for global exploration with Firefly Algorithm (FA) for local intensification, employing a dynamic switching mechanism based on population diversity and convergence rate metrics. An 8-element graphene-based THz MIMO antenna array operating across 2–8 THz is optimized using a comprehensive multi-objective fitness function incorporating five weighted performance metrics. Extensive comparative experiments against six state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms demonstrate AHME’s superior performance. The optimized design achieves peak gain of 15.87 dBi at 4.2 THz, isolation better than −37.4 dB across all element pairs, aggregate bandwidth of 5.23 THz, radiation efficiency of 96.8%, ECC below 0.00008, and diversity gain of 9.9997 dB. AHME converges 34.7% faster than standard HHO and 42.3% faster than PSO, achieving 8.9% better fitness values than the second-best algorithm. Statistical validation over 30 independent runs confirms variance 67% smaller than PSO.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	6G communications
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	02 Sep 2026 08:06
Last Modified:	02 Sep 2026 08:06
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16545

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