Citation

Hamza, Musa N. and Islam, Mohammad Tariqul and Koziel, Slawomir and Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad and Virdee, Bal and Mariyanayagam, Dion and Lavadiya, Sunil and Din, Iftikhar ud and Sanches, Bruno and Naqvi, Syeda Iffat and Panda, Abinash and Farmani, Ali and Mezache, Zinelabiddine and Shamsan, Zaid Ahmed and Farmani, Homa and Ghafourivayghan, Mahdi and Chaudhary, Muhammad Akmal and Naser-Moghadasi, Mohammad and Islam, Md Shabiul (2026) Experimentally validated dual-band GHz metamaterial perfect absorber biosensor with negative-index response and AI-assisted electromagnetic analysis for breast cancer dielectric discrimination. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 311. p. 118963. ISSN 09565663

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Abstract

A dual-band GHz metamaterial absorber (MPA) biosensor is presented as a proof-of-concept platform for dielectric-sensitive electromagnetic sensing integrated with AI-assisted broadband spectral analysis. The proposed three-layer copper–FR-4–copper structure exhibits near-unity absorption at 6.0 GHz and 9.1 GHz and demonstrates engineered negative-index behavior, which enhances electromagnetic field confinement and sensitivity to dielectric perturbations. The biosensor was fabricated using standard PCB technology and experimentally validated through free-space microwave measurements, showing excellent agreement with simulations and absorption exceeding 92.5% and 99.8% at the two resonant frequencies. For dielectric-sensitive analysis, the sensor response was evaluated under simulation-based loading conditions using low-loss COC/COP coverslip layers and literature-reported electromagnetic properties representative of healthy-like and malignant-like breast environments. Distinct broadband spectral perturbations were observed across the 5–10 GHz frequency range, demonstrating sensitivity to dielectric-property variations. Sensor performance was assessed using quality factor, sensitivity, and figure-of-merit metrics. An AI-assisted spectral interpretation framework was developed using distance- and correlation-based analysis of the broadband electromagnetic response. The results demonstrate that the proposed platform combines dual-band high-Q absorption, engineered triple-negative electromagnetic characteristics, and AI-assisted spectral analysis within a unified microwave biosensing framework. No biological samples were evaluated in this study; therefore, the reported results should be interpreted as simulation-based dielectric-loading analyses rather than validated cancer-detection outcomes.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Metamaterial absorber
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics > TK7871 Electronics--Materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 08:01
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 08:01
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/16518

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