Citation

Abid, Rubab and Yaseen, Bismah and Aamir, Muhammad and Shahiduzzaman, Md. and Akhtaruzzaman, Md. and Lee, It Ee and Wali, Qamar and Farooq, Nihal and Kousar, Mehr-Un-Nisa and Shahzadi, Anam (2026) Current progress in bismuth-based photocatalysts for enhanced visible-light-driven degradation of tetracycline. Results in Engineering, 30. p. 111078. ISSN 2590-1230

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Abstract

The widespread presence of antibiotic contaminants in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Tetracycline is one of the most frequently detected and persistent pollutants. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are often inadequate for the complete elimination of such pharmaceutical products, which increases the need for efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. Therefore, bismuth-based photocatalysts have gained attention for antibiotic degradation due to their non-toxicity, low cost, and strong visible light absorption. They are particularly effective in eliminating tetracycline (TC), a major environmental pollutant. With a focus on their structural characteristics, morphologies, and photocatalytic activity, this review emphasizes the effectiveness of bismuth derivatives, such as bismuth oxides, oxyhalides, tungstate, and titanates. Heterojunctions, microspheres, composites, and Z-schemes are examples of modified bismuth-based catalysts that demonstrate higher degrading efficiency than single components. Moreover, their potential for environmentally sustainable uses, their reusability and degradation paths are also investigated. Overall, bismuth-based photocatalysts are effective and environmentally safe ways to remove antibiotics, which makes them attractive options for wastewater treatment.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bismuth oxides, Tetracycline degradation, Photocatalysis, Degradation, Heterojunction
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) > R855-855.5 Medical technology
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Suzilawati Abu Samah
Date Deposited:	05 Jun 2026 02:54
Last Modified:	05 Jun 2026 02:54
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15987

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