Citation

Tamzid, Rahat and Mahee, Ehfaz Faisal and Hussen Wadud, Md. Anwar and Rahman, Anichur and Ahmed, Miraz and Rahman, Md Ashikur and Musa Miah, Abu Saleh and Al Farid, Fahmid and Mansor, Sarina (2026) Enhancing Two-Wheeler Rider Safety with Helmet-Based Head Movement Monitoring and IoT Integration Using Safe Angle Formula. Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing, 15 (5). pp. 3874-3896. ISSN 2311-004X

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Abstract

Two wheeler safety is crucial due to riders’ vulnerability, yet existing mechanisms often overlook unintentional head movements that compromise control and awareness. Current Internet of Things based safety systems focus on collision detection, braking assistance, and rider posture monitoring, but often neglect the risks posed by unintended head movements, which can lead to loss of control and harmful accidents. To address this gap, we proposed a helmet mounted system that calculates a safe head movement angle using a specialized safe angle formula based on motorcycle speed. Our system employs integrated gyroscopic sensors and Global Positioning System data to continuously monitor head orientation and speed, providing real time alerts. The bike sensor records speed and Z axis angles to determine bike tilt, while the helmet sensor captures the riders’ head angle. This data is transmitted to a microcontroller in the bike unit, which calculates the angle difference and sets a speed based safe threshold. If head movement surpasses this calculated threshold, the system triggers audible,tactile and visual alarms. By ensuring that riders maintain a safe head position while riding, this system minimizes distractions that could lead to collisions, particularly at high speeds. The proposed solution enhances two wheeler safety by preventing accidents caused by sudden or excessive head movements, integrating seamlessly with existing motorcycle safety mechanisms. Real world testing and validation of our system demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing the likelihood of accidents caused by unintentional head movements. This innovation highlights the importance of maintaining safe head orientation and suggests integration into broader safety strategies, advanced rider training, and protective measures. The introduction of the safe angle formula positions this system as a potential benchmark for future motorcycle safety technologies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Two Wheeler Safety, Smart Helmet System
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL1-484 Motor vehicles. Cycles
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	04 May 2026 04:32
Last Modified:	07 May 2026 08:31
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15866

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