Citation

Jizat, Noorlindawaty Md. and Abd Rahman, Nurul Huda and Al-Bawri, Samir Salem and Zubir, Farid and Rahayu, Yusnita and Yamada, Yoshihide (2025) A High-Efficiency, Size-Optimized 4×4 Butler Matrix with Via-Hole for 5G Communications. In: 2025 Multimedia University Engineering Conference, MECON 2025, 21 July 2025 - 23 July 2025, Cyberjaya.

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Abstract

The increasing demand for higher frequencies in 5G is driven by congestion at lower bands. Higher frequencies provide faster communication and greater bandwidth, which are essential for supporting the growing number of wireless devices. Efficient and compact beamforming networks are essential, and the Butler Matrix is particularly notable for its energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and strong interference suppression, making it an ideal choice for 5G. However, the conventional series-fed Butler Matrix results in a bulky design that’s difficult to scale for large 5G networks. Although some multi-layer designs achieve compactness by eliminating branchline couplers, crossovers, or phase shifters, these often suffer from transmission inconsistencies and phase errors. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel design that utilizes via-holes to compensate for the absence of crossovers and phase shifters and incorporates a back-to-back folding technique to maintain signal integrity while significantly reducing size. To ensure a fair and consistent performance comparison, both the proposed and conventional structures are fabricated on an NPC-F220A substrate with a thickness of 0.254 mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.007.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	folded, butler matrix
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	17 Mar 2026 02:06
Last Modified:	17 Mar 2026 02:06
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15459

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