Citation

Krishnan, Rahul and Selvaraj, Vanaja and Pandian, Nagarajan and Sammandhan, Sheela and Khan, Inam Ullah and Oruganti, Sai Kiran (2025) A Compact Dielectric Resonator Antenna Based Microwave Sensor for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring. Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie, 24 (5). pp. 297-304. ISSN 1631-4670

Text i2m_24.05_01.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)

Abstract

One of the major challenges with managing diabetes is non-invasive measurement and accurate reading. Microwave based measurements, especially Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) are capable to catch up the variation in blood glucose levels with the variation in tissue permittivity and frequency shift. The aim of this research work is to investigate the proof of concept for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring using a Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The proposed CDRA operates at a frequency of 4.187 GHz, utilizing a high-dielectric permittivity (εr = 9.9) resonator material. The sensing method involves positioning the patient's thumb over the resonator, where fluctuations in blood permittivity caused by glucose concentration modify the input impedance, resulting in a detectable frequency shift. A three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic model of the human thumb has been designed and simulated in CST Microwave Studio at 4.75 GHz, utilizing the Cole–Cole dispersion model to examine the interaction between the CDRA sensor and biological tissue. The proposed antenna achieved a simulated gain of 6.509 dBi and a directivity of 6.964 dBi which is very good while compared with microstrip antennas. The frequency shifts associated with differences in permittivity proves the potential for non-invasive detection of glucose level changes. The sensor's sensitivity against Cole-Cole model is estimated to be 1.87 kHz/mg/dL and the estimated sensitivity of aqueous glucose solution is approximately 0.7 MHz/mg/dL. The proposed CDRA-based blood glucose sensing system effectively correlates resonant frequency fluctuations with glucose concentration, revealing significant potential for future incorporation into compact, wearable, and real-time glucose monitoring device.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	microwave, non-invasive, glucose monitoring, CDRA, electromagnetic waves (EM), Cole–Cole model
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics > TK7871 Electronics--Materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Computing and Informatics (FCI)
Depositing User:	Ms Suzilawati Abu Samah
Date Deposited:	07 Jan 2026 04:44
Last Modified:	07 Jan 2026 08:26
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15173

Downloads

Edit (login required)