Citation

Nirmal, Umar and Musa, M. A. and Yuhazri, Mohd Yaakob and Ahmad, M. M. H. Megat (2025) Development of Car Coating Materials over the Past Decade for Paint Protection Applications—An Overview on the Different Types of Paint Protections. Polymers, 17 (23). p. 3114. ISSN 2073-4360

Text Development of Car Coating Materials over the Past Decade for Paint Protection Applications—An Overview on the Different Types of Paint Protections.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (6MB)

Abstract

In recent years, the automotive industry has experienced increasing demand for advanced paint protection solutions aimed at improving vehicle durability, preserving aesthetic appeal, and promoting environmental sustainability. This paper critically examines the main categories of paint protection coatings on wax, ceramic, graphene, and hybrid formulations by focusing on their chemical composition, application methods, protective performance, and limitations. Wax coatings remain widely adopted due to their affordability and ease of use, though they offer limited longevity. Ceramic coatings, in contrast, provide superior hardness, hydrophobicity, and resistance to scratches, corrosion, and ultraviolet (UV) degradation, albeit with higher costs and complex application procedures. Emerging graphene-based coatings demonstrate exceptional hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and durability, positioning them as potential next-generation solutions, though their environmental and economic feasibility remains under exploration. Hybrid and self-healing coatings further highlight the trend toward multifunctional, intelligent protection systems. This work also emphasizes the critical role of surface preparation in determining coating performance. Future research directions are outlined, including the development of biodegradable, zero-VOC, and intelligent self-aligning coatings, which could significantly advance sustainable automotive surface protection. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive synthesis of current technologies and identifies pathways for innovation in automotive paint protection materials.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Automotive coatings
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL1-484 Motor vehicles. Cycles
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
Depositing User:	Ms Rosnani Abd Wahab
Date Deposited:	06 Jan 2026 08:09
Last Modified:	06 Jan 2026 08:09
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15139

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