Citation

Sarker, Md. Tanjil and Ramasamy, Gobbi and Al Qwaid, Marran and Krishnan, Shashikumar (2025) Second-Life EV Batteries for PV–SLB Hybrid Petrol Stations: A Roadmap for Malaysia’s Urban Energy Transition. Urban Science, 9 (10). p. 422. ISSN 2413-8851

Text urbansci-09-00422.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (4MB)

Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Malaysia is projected to generate substantial volumes of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, creating both environmental challenges and opportunities for repurposing into second-life batteries (SLBs). This study investigates the technical, economic, and regulatory feasibility of deploying SLBs for photovoltaic (PV) energy storage in petrol stations, an application aligned with the nation’s energy transition goals. Laboratory testing of Nissan Leaf ZE0 battery modules over a 120-day operation period demonstrated stable cycling performance with approximately 7% capacity fade, maintaining state-of-health (SOH) above 47%. A case study of a 12 kWp PV–SLB hybrid system for a typical Malaysian petrol station shows 45 kWh of usable storage, capable of offsetting a daily electricity demand of 45 kWh, reducing capital cost by 30–50% compared to new lithium-ion systems, and achieving 70–80% lifecycle CO2 emission reductions. The proposed architecture leverages SLBs’ suitability for slower, steady discharge to provide reliable nighttime operation and grid load relief, particularly in semi-urban and rural stations. Beyond technical validation, the paper evaluates economic benefits, environmental impacts, and Malaysia’s regulatory readiness, identifying gaps in certification standards, reverse logistics, and workforce skills. Strategic recommendations are proposed to enable large-scale SLB deployment and integration into hybrid PV–petrol station systems. Findings indicate that SLBs can serve as a cost-effective, sustainable energy storage solution, supporting Malaysia’s National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR), advancing circular economy practices, and positioning the country as a potential ASEAN leader in battery repurposing.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	second-life batteries (SLB), electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure, energy storage systems (ESS), battery repurposing, sustainable energy, circular economy, Malaysia energy transition
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics > TK7871 Electronics--Materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Nurin Syazwani Azmi
Date Deposited:	10 Dec 2025 08:16
Last Modified:	13 Dec 2025 11:54
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/15049

Downloads

Edit (login required)