Citation

Sadiq, Saad and Sultan, Kashif and Sheraz, Muhammad and Chuah, Teong Chee and Hashmi, Muhammad Usman (2025) Towards Efficient Vehicle Recognition: A Unified System for VMMR, ANPR, and Color Classification. Computers, Materials & Continua, 85 (2). pp. 3945-3963. ISSN 1546-2226

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Abstract

Vehicle recognition plays a vital role in intelligent transportation systems, law enforcement, access control, and security operations—domains that are becoming increasingly dynamic and complex. Despite advancements, most existing solutions remain siloed, addressing individual tasks such as vehicle make and model recognition (VMMR), automatic number plate recognition (ANPR), and color classification separately. This fragmented approach limits real-world efficiency, leading to slower processing, reduced accuracy, and increased operational costs, particularly in traffic monitoring and surveillance scenarios. To address these limitations, we present a unified framework that consolidates all three recognition tasks into a single, lightweight system. The framework utilizes MobileNetV2 for efficient VMMR, YOLO (You Only Look Once) for accurate license plate detection, and histogram-based clustering in the HSV color space for precise color identification. Rather than optimizing each module in isolation, our approach emphasizes tight integration, enabling improved performance and reliability. The system also features adaptive image calibration and robust algorithmic enhancements to ensure consistent results under varying environmental conditions. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a combined accuracy of 93.3%, outperforming traditional methods and offering practical scalability for deployment in real-world transportation infrastructures.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ANPR, deep learning, unified framework, VMMR
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) > Q300-390 Cybernetics
Divisions:	Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Engineering (FAIE)
Depositing User:	Nurin Syazwani Azmi
Date Deposited:	07 Nov 2025 06:38
Last Modified:	07 Nov 2025 06:38
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/14773

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