Citation

Lee, Yee Wan (2023) Synchronous online learning as teaching and learning method during Movement Control Order: A case study. Other thesis, Multimedia University.

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Abstract

Online learning is a common learning mode for adult learners, but this may not be the case for Malaysian full-time undergraduate learners before the COVID-19 pandemic. Synchronous online learning was introduced as a temporary solution to ensure continuity in learning during the 2020 Movement Control Order (MCO). However, the infrastructure, facilities, and course programs in most mainstream universities in Malaysia are not built for synchronous online learning during MCO. As a result, the effectiveness of synchronous online learning during MCO was affected, especially learners’ engagement. Engagement is a very important component of effective learning. Nevertheless, promoting and sustaining a learner’s engagement is not an easy task, especially in a synchronous online learning class during MCO. Therefore, how to promote learners’ interest and sustain their engagement are two key questions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand how to improve learners’ interaction and participation and how interest elevates engagement in synchronous online learning during MCO. Engagement theory and interest theory were referred to as two underlying theories in this case study, where a private higher education institution located in Malaysia was identified as the single case unit. A total of 37 Malaysian full-time undergraduate learners from business studies programs participated in the semi-structured interviews, where themes and emerging themes were derived from thematic analysis by using NVivo software. Engagement and interest were found to be crucial elements for effectiveness of synchronous online learning during movement control order. Several emerging elements appeared to contribute to synchronous online learning: home environment, teaching skills, personality traits and engagement styles. This study adds value to the synchronous online learning body of knowledge and academia by offering practical solutions to improve the effectiveness of synchronous online learning during MCOs or similar future situations and contributing to the theoretical framework of effective synchronous online learning.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	Call No.: LB1028.57 .L44 2023
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Web-based instruction
Subjects:	L Education > LB Theory and practice of education
Divisions:	Faculty of Management (FOM)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	02 Oct 2025 02:17
Last Modified:	02 Oct 2025 02:17
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/14636

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