Citation

Ahmad, Musa and Islam, Mohammad Tariqul and Alam, Touhidul and Albadran, Saleh Mohammad and Alzamil, Ahmed and Alshammari, Ahmed S. and Alsaif, Haitham and Soliman, Mohamed S. and Islam, Md. Shabiul (2025) Coupled split square resonator based metamaterial sensor for realtime monitoring of air bubbles in IV channels. Scientific Reports, 15 (1). ISSN 2045-2322

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Abstract

Air embolism caused by undetected air bubbles in intravenous (IV) lines poses a critical risk in medical treatments, necessitating accurate and reliable detection systems. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel metamaterial-based sensor for real-time monitoring of air bubbles in IV channels. The sensor employs a Single Negative Complementary Split Square Resonator (CSSR) coupled with a polymer-based microfluidic channel (PMC) to detect dielectric changes caused by air bubbles in flowing saline. Unlike traditional optical or ultrasonic methods, the proposed sensor offers a compact, cost-effective, and fabrication-friendly solution while maintaining high sensitivity of 78% and precision. Experimental validation demonstrated its capability to detect even small air bubbles, with resonant frequency shifts observed between 6.6 GHz and 6.9 GHz. This innovation provides a robust tool for enhancing patient safety by preventing air embolisms, with potential applications in broader biomedical sensing scenarios. By addressing a critical medical need through advanced metamaterial technology, this work contributes significantly to both healthcare monitoring and sensor design.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Metamaterial sensor, Transmission line sensor, Microwave sensor, Liquid sensing, Biomedical sensing
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800-8360 Electronics
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering (FOE)
Depositing User:	Ms Suzilawati Abu Samah
Date Deposited:	28 May 2025 01:00
Last Modified:	28 May 2025 01:00
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/13844

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