Citation

Liew, Yong Hui and Tan, Wooi Haw and Ooi, Chee Pun (2024) A Low-power Embedded IoT System for Accurate Detection of Unauthorized Manhole Access. In: 2024 Multimedia University Engineering Conference (MECON), 23-25 July 2024, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.

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Abstract

The recent widespread theft of telecommunication copper cables has significantly threatened the underground network infrastructure in Malaysia. In response, various smart manhole monitoring systems have been developed. This study focuses on implementing a low-power, high-accuracy smart manhole cover monitoring system to extend battery life and enhance theft detection. The proposed system employs the STM32L4 microcontroller, utilizing deepsleep modes to drastically reduce power usage by deactivating unused peripherals during inactivity, significantly boosting power efficiency given the predominant dormancy of the manhole cover. The manhole cover activity is monitored using a single LSM6DSO Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with preand post-filtering techniques to improve the response characteristics. Additionally, the system integrates an IoT-based alert mechanism through an SX1278 LoRa transceiver, reporting manhole status to a gateway, and uses a Texas Instrument BQ25570 module for efficient power management, delivering a consistent 2.574V from a single 3.7V Li-Ion battery. In the conducted experiments, the IMU sensor exhibited robust precision with a maximum tilt angle error of ±3° when subjected to intense shaking, ensuring reliable accuracy under typical ambient conditions characterized by low-to-moderate vibrations. The alert mechanism also proved effective in reporting the manhole cover status, even in enclosed spaces without a direct line of sight to the gateway. Moreover, the system showed a low average current consumption of 19.1µA when operated at a buck-regulated voltage of 2.574V from a 3.7V 3350mAh battery, leading to an estimated theoretical lifespan of up to 23 years for a conversion efficiency of 90%.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Internet of Thing
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering (FOE)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	06 Feb 2025 02:29
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2025 02:29
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/13352

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