Citation

Liew, Tze Wei and Tan, Su Mae and Gan, Chin Lay (2023) "I am disappointed with your results!": The effects of a pedagogical agent's negative affective feedback on mental effort and learning performance. In: 9th International Conference on Frontiers of Educational Technologies, ICFET 2023, 9 - 11 June 2023, Bali, Indonesia.

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Abstract

An instructor may express disappointment in the educational milieu when learning effort and performance do not meet expectations. The socio-emotive feedback can signal to learners that more effort is warranted to reduce the gap between the current achievement and optimal expectations. In this study, we examine if a pedagogical agent's expressing disappointment as affective feedback to learners' prior achievement can enhance mental effort and learning performance in a multimedia learning environment. To this end, two experiments were conducted where learners interacted with either the disappointed or neutral agent that teaches enterprise resource planning systems concepts (Experiment 1) and programming algorithm concepts (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 demonstrated that learners had higher transfer performance when a cartoonish female agent expressed disappointment than neutral affective feedback. Experiment 2 found that compared to a neutral expression, disappointment expression by a realistic male agent enhanced invested mental effort for male and female learners but decreased the learning transfer performances among the male learners. This study offers theoretical and practical implications and provides recommendations for future research to examine the potential benefits of a pedagogical agent's negative socio-emotive cues.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pedagogical agent, Emotion, Disappointment, Multimedia learning, Feedback, Mental Effort
Subjects:	L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1060 Learning
Divisions:	Faculty of Business (FOB) Faculty of Information Science and Technology (FIST)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	05 Oct 2023 03:52
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2023 03:52
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/11729

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