Citation

Aboelala, Omar and Lee, It Ee and Chung, Gwo Chin (2022) A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling. Entropy, 24 (11). p. 1573. ISSN 1099-4300

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Abstract

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling by Omar AboelalaORCID,It Ee Lee * andGwo Chin ChungORCID Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Entropy 2022, 24(11), 1573; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111573 Received: 31 July 2022 / Revised: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 20 September 2022 / Published: 31 October 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Communication and Information Technology) Download Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Increased capacity, higher data rate, decreased latency, and better service quality are examples of the primary objectives or needs that must be catered to in the near future, i.e., fifth-generation (5G) and beyond. To fulfil these needs, cellular network design must be drastically improved. The 5G cellular network design, huge multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and device-to-device communication are all highlighted in this comprehensive study. Hence, free-space optics (FSO) is a promising solution to address this field. However, FSO standalone is insufficient during turbulent weather conditions. FSO systems possess some limitations, such as being able to be disturbed by any interference between sender and receiver such as a flying bird and a tree, as it requires line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity. Moreover, it is sensitive to weather conditions; the FSO performance significantly decreases in bad weather conditions such as fog and snow; those factors deteriorate the performance of FSO. This paper conducts a systematic survey on the existing projects in the same area of research such as the hybrid FSO/Radio frequency (RF) communication system by listing each technique used for each model to achieve optimum performance in terms of data rate and Bit Error Rate (BER) to be implemented in 5G networks.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fifth-generation (5G), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), free-space optics (FSO), line-of-sight (LOS), hybrid FSO/radio-frequency (RF)
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering (FOE)
Depositing User:	Ms Nurul Iqtiani Ahmad
Date Deposited:	13 Jan 2023 01:36
Last Modified:	13 Jan 2023 01:36
URII:	http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/id/eprint/11084

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